Growing up with a parent suffering from alcoholism can profoundly impact children in many adverse ways. Alcoholism’s effect on children often includes lasting emotional damage, increased risky behaviors, and the loss of a nurturing, stable home environment. However, with treatment, support, and healing, families can counteract these harmful effects and break destructive intergenerational cycles.
Alcoholism’s Effects on Children is Tremendous
Children need consistent, engaged, and loving parenting for healthy emotional development. However, alcoholism’s effect on children often deprives them of this crucial foundation due to its unpredictable nature. As a result, they may experience psychological issues such as anxiety, low self-esteem, depression, and difficulties in forming trusting relationships.
Guilt and Blame – Children often wrongly assume responsibility for a parent’s drinking and its consequences. They may believe they did something to cause it and carry undeserved shame and guilt throughout their lives.
Anxiety and Insecurity – The uncertainty of living with an alcoholic parent leads to constant anxiety for kids. Fears like “Will mom or dad come home safe tonight?” or “Will we have to suddenly move again?” leave children feeling extremely insecure and worried.
Anger and Resentment – Children rightfully feel anger and resentment at their parents for failing to provide the stability and nurturing that is essential for their growth. But this conflicts with loyalty toward parents.
Fear and Mistrust – Alcoholic parents may lash out verbally, become violent, or neglect children when drinking. This causes kids to be fearful of the parent and lose trust in adults or authority figures in general.
Sadness and Grief – Kids grieve the loss of the loving, engaged, protective parent they need and deserve but never get to fully experience due to alcoholism. This traumatic grief and loss at a young age can be devastating.
Emotional Numbness – To cope with overwhelming pain, some children shut down emotionally. They isolate themselves, avoid close relationships, and distrust affection to avoid further hurt.
Without professional help processing these emotions, children often internalize deep psychological wounds that last well into adulthood, harming self-esteem, intimacy, and interpersonal relationships. Individual counseling provides a path to gradually heal these emotional scars over time. Support groups can also help kids realize they are not alone.
Risky Behaviors in an Alcoholic’s Children
In chaotic, unstable, and unsupervised home environments, alcoholism’s effect on children often leads them to adopt risky coping behaviors and habits, including:
Underage Drinking – Seeing a parent drink excessively normalizes it. Kids may turn to drinking themselves to numb their psychological pain or to try to fit in with peers. There are also genetic risks for alcoholism.
Drug Use – Like alcohol, children may turn to illegal drugs as an escape from their feelings and reality or due to greater access to substances in their homes. Without positive guidance, they fail to develop the skills to avoid substance misuse.
Unsafe Sex – Without sufficient parental monitoring, kids engage in unprotected sex leading to teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and abusive or exploitative relationships. Poor role modeling also distorts their understanding of healthy intimacy.
Delinquency – Teens often act out through rebellious behaviors like vandalism, theft, truancy, violence or running away in a search for attention missing from parents at home or as a way to escape family dysfunction.
Bullying – Lashing out and hurting others, either physically or emotionally, provides fleeting feelings of power or control over their environment when healthy options are lacking. Seeing aggression or violence by a parent can lead kids to mimic these behaviors with peers.
Self-Harm – Cutting, disordered eating habits, substance abuse and other self-destructive behaviors become ways some teens cope with overwhelming emotional pain, loneliness, and chronic stress when their cries for help are unheard.
Once again, professional counseling and being provided with healthy outlets offers these children a lifeline to change these detrimental patterns before they extend into adulthood. But meaningful support must be consistently available.
Getting Help for the Family
If you are aware of children affected by parental alcoholism in your family or community, don’t underestimate the impact you can have in counteracting alcoholism’s effect on children and positively influencing their lives:
Talk Openly About It – Have gentle, age-appropriate conversations with the child affirming that their parent’s alcoholism is not their fault and providing a compassionate, non-judgemental ear for them to open up. Sharing their feelings helps relieve shame.
Encourage Counseling – Strongly recommend the child begin individual therapy focused specifically on their needs, and also join group counseling like Alateen to make connections with peers experiencing similar struggles.
Provide Stability – Make an effort to be a reliable, loving presence in the child’s life. Offer consistency through things like transportation, meals, childcare, homework help, attending sports games etc.
Set Clear Boundaries – Don’t enable or ignore unsafe conditions in the home. Report any suspected abuse or neglect to the proper authorities. Make the physical and emotional needs of the children a priority.
Give Hope – Share inspiring stories of others who overcame similar challenging childhoods. Help kids envision brighter futures ahead and discuss paths to get there.
Consider a Family Intervention – In severe cases with resistant alcoholism despite worsening consequences, collaborating on a formal intervention can be the breakthrough needed to motivate parents to get treatment and turn their lives around.
With commitment, compassion and patient support, children impacted by family addiction can break the cycle and thrive despite their past. Our kids deserve no less.
Paths Forward with Patience and Compassion
Parental alcoholism inflicts real, lasting damage on children that cannot be ignored. Its legacy appears in struggles with emotional intimacy, dysfunctional coping mechanisms and intergenerational substance abuse. But this legacy need not be permanent. Families finding the courage and wisdom to lovingly confront addiction still have hope.
Healing happens gradually through consistent individual counseling, finding healthy role models and mentors, and surrounding children with unconditional love and support. Progress requires tremendous patience from adults willing to walk this hard road alongside them consistently. With care, empathy and compassion, the future looks brighter for these children – it’s never too late to help undo their pain and trauma and help them become whole.
For guidance on getting your spouse or loved one suffering from alcoholism into treatment, see this in-depth article on coping with an alcoholic spouse’s behavior. Their recovery is often the first step to heal and strengthen the entire family.
About the Author
Bobby Newman, CIP, ICPS, ICDAC, is a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor, Prevention Specialist and Intervention Professional with over 20 years’ experience in the addiction treatment field. As someone in long-term recovery himself, Bobby is dedicated to helping families break the cycle of addiction through compassionate support and guiding them to the right treatment options.